Ngomhla wama-21 kuSeptembast, I-White House ithe ngoLwesithathu ukuba uMongameli wase-US uJoe Biden uthathe isigqibo sokungathinteli ukungeniswa kweIimagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zeNeodymiumubukhulu becala ukusuka eTshayina, ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zophando lweentsuku ezingama-270 zeSebe lezoRhwebo. NgoJuni ka-2021, i-White House yenza uphononongo lweentsuku ezili-100 zobonelelo, olwafumanisa ukuba i-China ilawula zonke iinkalo ze-Neodymium supply chain, ikhuthaza uRaimondo ukuba athathe isigqibo sokusungula uphando lwe-232 ngoSeptemba 2021. URaimondo udlulisele iziphumo zesebe kwi-Biden ngoJuni. , evula iintsuku ezingama-90 zokuba uMongameli enze isigqibo.
Esi sigqibo sithintele imfazwe entsha yorhwebo kunye neTshayina, iJapan, iManyano yaseYurophu kunye nezinye iimagnethi zokuthumela ngaphandle okanye amazwe anqwenela ukwenza njalo ukuhlangabezana nokunyuka kwemfuno okulindelekileyo kwiminyaka ezayo. Oku kufuneka kwakhona kuthomalalise iinkxalabo zabenzi beemoto baseMelika kunye nabanye abavelisi abaxhomekeke kwiimagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zeNeodymium ukuvelisa iimveliso ezigqityiweyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukongeza kwezinye izinto zorhwebo ezinje ngeenjini zombane kunye ne-automation, iimagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zikwasetyenziswa kwinqwelomoya yokulwa yasemkhosini kunye neenkqubo zesikhokelo somjukujelwa. Nangona kunjalo, kulindeleke ukuba imfuno yeemagnethi zeemoto kunye nemagnethi yejenereyitha yomoya iya kukhula kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, ekhokelela ekunqongophelweni okunokwenzeka kwehlabathi. Oku kungenxa yokubaiimagnethi zemoto yombanezimalunga namaxesha ali-10 asetyenziswa kwizithuthi eziqhutywa ngepetroli.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, ingxelo yePaulson Institute eChicago yaqikelela ukuba izithuthi zombane kunye nee turbines zomoya zizodwa ziya kufuna ubuncinci i-50%iimagnethi zeNeodymium ezisebenza kakhulungo 2025 kwaye phantse 100% ngo 2030. Ngokwengxelo Paulson Institute, oku kuthetha ukuba ezinye ukusetyenziswa Neodymium umazibuthe, ezifana inqwelo moya yokulwa emkhosini, iinkqubo zokukhokela imijukujelwa, automation kunye.Imagnethi ye-servo motor, inokujongana "nemiqobo yokubonelela kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso".
“Silindele ukuba ibango linyuke kakhulu kule minyaka izayo,” latsho igosa eliphezulu likarhulumente. “Kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba singathengisa kwangethuba, hayi nje ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyafumaneka emarikeni, kodwa nokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kunqongophala kobonelelo, kwaye siqinisekise ukuba asisayi kuqhubeka sithembela kakhulu eChina. .”
Ke ngoko, ukongeza kwisigqibo sikaBiden esingathintelwanga, uphando lukwafumanise ukuba ukuxhomekeka kwe-United States ekungenisweni ngaphandle kwelizwe.iimagnethi ezinamandlayabeka isoyikiso kukhuseleko lwesizwe lwase-United States, kwaye yacebisa ukuba amanye amanyathelo athatyathwe ukwandisa imveliso yasekhaya ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwekhonkco lokubonelela. Iingcebiso ziquka utyalo-mali kwiindawo eziphambili ze-Neodymium magnet supply chain; ukukhuthaza imveliso yasekhaya; ukusebenzisana namahlakani kunye namahlakani ukuphucula ukuguquguquka kwekhonkco lokubonelela; ukuxhasa uphuhliso lwabasebenzi abanezakhono zokuvelisa iimagnethi zeNeodymium eMelika; ukuxhasa uphando oluqhubekayo lokunciphisa ukuba sesichengeni kwekhonkco lokubonelela.
Urhulumente we-Biden usebenzise uMthetho weSizwe weMveliso yezoKhuselo kunye neminye imibutho enegunya lokutyala imali ephantse ibe yi-200 yezigidi zeedola kwiinkampani ezintathu, iMP Materials, iLynas Rare Earth kunye neNoveon Magnetics ukuphucula amandla eUnited States ukuphatha izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezifana ne-Neodymium, kunye nokuphucula ukuveliswa kweemagnethi ze-Neodymium e-United States ukusuka kwinqanaba elingenamsebenzi.
I-Noveon Magnetics kuphela kwe-US sinteredUmzi mveliso wemagnethi weNeodymium. Kulo nyaka uphelileyo, i-75% yeemagnethi ze-Neodymium ezifakwe ngaphandle zivela e-United States zivela e-China, zilandelwa yi-9% evela e-Japan, i-5% evela kwiiPhilippines, kunye ne-4% evela eJamani.
Ingxelo yeSebe lezoRhwebo liqikelela ukuba izixhobo zasekhaya zingahlangabezana ne-51% yemfuno epheleleyo yase-United States kwiminyaka emine nje. Ingxelo yathi okwangoku, iUnited States ixhomekeke phantse i-100% kwizinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zorhwebo kunye nokukhusela. Urhulumente ulindele iinzame zakhe zokunyusa imveliso yase-US ukunciphisa ukuthengwa kwempahla evela e-China ngaphezu kwabanye ababoneleli.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-26-2022