Imithombo yeendaba yaseJapan inika ingxelo yokuba i-China icinga ukuvala ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe itekhnoloji yemagnethi enqabileyo yomhlaba ukulwa nezithintelo zokuthumela ngaphandle kwetekhnoloji ebekwe yi-United States e-China.
Umntu onguvimba uthe ngenxa yokuqhwalela kweTshayina kwii-semiconductors ezihambele phambili, “kusenokwenzeka ukuba basebenzise umhlaba onqabileyo njengeetshiphu zengxoxo kuba zibuthathaka eJapan nase-United States.
UMphathiswa wezoRhwebo kunye neSebe lezeNzululwazi kunye neTekhnoloji yaseChina ubhengeze iuluhlu oluyilwayokweyoMnga kulo nyaka uphelileyo, equka 43 izilungiso okanye izongezo. Abasemagunyeni bayigqibile inkqubo yokucela izimvo zeengcali esidlangalaleni, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba olu hlaziyo luqale ukusebenza kulo nyaka.
Ngokwesicelo sohlobo loluvo loluntu, akuvumelekanga ukuthumela ngaphandle ubugcisa obuthile obubandakanya umhlaba onqabileyo, iisekethe ezidityanisiweyo, imathiriyeli engeyiyo eyentsimbi ephilayo, ispacecraft, njl. . Ngokukodwa, kukho iingongoma ezine eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe: okokuqala, ukutsalwa komhlaba onqabileyo kunye nokwahlula iteknoloji; Eyesibini iteknoloji yokuvelisa isinyithi esinqabileyo somhlaba kunye nezixhobo ze-alloy; Eyesithathu iteknoloji yokulungiselelaSamarium Cobalt umazibuthe, Neodymium Iron Boron umazibuthe, kunye neemagnethi zeCerium; Olwesine bubuchwephesha bokulungiselela umhlaba onqabileyo we-calcium borate. Umhlaba onqabileyo, njengomthombo oxabisekileyo ongahlaziyekiyo, unendawo ebaluleke kakhulu yeqhinga. Olu hlaziyo lunokomeleza izithintelo zaseTshayina zokuthumela ngaphandle kwiimveliso zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe.
Njengoko kusaziwa, iChina inolawulo olomeleleyo kushishino lomhlaba onqabileyo wehlabathi. Emva kokusekwa kweQela le-China Rare Earth ngo-2022, ulawulo lwe-China phezu kwezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle komhlaba ezinqabileyo luye lwaba ngqongqo. Esi sibonelelo sobutyebi sanele ukumisela isikhokelo sophuhliso lweshishini lomhlaba onqabileyo kwihlabathi. Kodwa oku ayisiyiyo inzuzo ephambili kwishishini lomhlaba elinqabileyo laseTshayina. Eyona nto amazwe aseNtshona ayoyika ngokwenene kukusulungekiswa komhlaba okunqabileyo kweTshayina okungenakuthelekiswa nanto, ubugcisa bokulungisa kunye nesakhono.
Uhlaziyo lokugqibela loluhlu e-China lwalungowama-2020. Emva koko, iWashington yaseka ikhonkco lonikezelo lomhlaba elinqabileyo e-United States. Ngokutsho kwedatha evela kwi-United States Geological Survey (USGS), isabelo saseTshayina semveliso yomhlaba enqabileyo yehlabathi sehlile ukusuka malunga ne-90% 10 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ukuya malunga ne-70% kulo nyaka uphelileyo.
Imagnethi yokusebenza ephezulu inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ezinje ngeenjini ze-servo,iinjini zoshishino, iimotor ezisebenza kakhulu, kunye neemoto zemoto zombane. Ngo-2010, i-China yanqumamisa ukuthumela ngaphandle komhlaba onqabileyo e-Japan ngenxa yengxabano yokuzimela kwi-Diaoyu Islands (ekwaziwa njengeZiqithi ze-Senkaku e-Japan). IJapan igxile ekuveliseni iimagnethi ezisebenza kakhulu, ngelixa iUnited States ivelisa iimveliso ezisebenzisa ezi magnethi zisebenza kakhulu. Esi siganeko siphakamise inkxalabo phakathi kwe-United States ne-Japan malunga nokhuseleko lwezoqoqosho.
Unobhala oyiNtloko weKhabhinethi yaseJapan u-Hiroyi Matsuno uthe kwinkomfa yabezindaba nge-5 ka-Epreli 2023 ubeka esweni ukuvalwa kwelizwe lase-China lokuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle kubuchwephesha obuphezulu obunxulumene nemagnethi yomhlaba esetyenziswa kwizithuthi zombane.
Ngokwengxelo kaNikkei Asia ngoLwesine (ngo-Epreli 6th), isicwangciso esisemthethweni saseTshayina kukuhlaziya uluhlu lokuthintela iteknoloji yokuthumela ngaphandle. Umxholo ohlaziyiweyo uya kuthintela okanye uthintele ukuthunyelwa kweteknoloji kumazwe angaphandle ukuze kusetyenzwe kwaye kusulungekiswe izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba kwalelwe okanye kuthintelwe ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kobuchwephesha be-alloy obufunekayo ukukhupha iimagnethi ezisebenza kakhulu kwizinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-07-2023