I-sensor ye-Hall effect okanye i-Hall effect transducer yinzwa edibeneyo esekelwe kwimpembelelo yeHolo kwaye yenziwe yinto yeHolo kunye nesiphaluka sayo esincedisayo. Inzwa yeholo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yeshishini, ukuthutha kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukususela kwisakhiwo sangaphakathi senzwa yeholo, okanye kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa, uya kufumanisa ukubaumazibuthe osisigxinayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusebenza. Kutheni kufuneka iimagnethi ezisisigxina kwizivamvo zeHolo?
Okokuqala, qala kumgaqo osebenzayo we-Hall sensor, i-Hall Effect. I-Hall Effect luhlobo lwempembelelo ye-electromagnetic, eyafunyanwa yingcali yefiziksi yaseMelika u-Edwin Herbert Hall (1855-1938) ngo-1879 xa wayefunda indlela yokuqhuba yesinyithi. Xa i-current idlula kwi-conductor perpendicular kwintsimi yangaphandle yamagnetic, i-carrier deflects, kwaye intsimi yombane eyongezelelweyo iya kuveliswa nge-perpendicular ukuya kwindlela yangoku kunye ne-magnetic field, okubangelwa ukungafani okunokwenzeka kuzo zombini iziphelo zomqhubi. Esi siganeko sisiphumo seHolo, esikwabizwa ngokuba ngumahluko onokubakho kwiHolo.
Umphumo weholo ngokusisiseko kukuphambuka kwamasuntswana ahlawulweyo ashukumayo abangelwa ngamandla kaLorentz kumandla kazibuthe. Xa amasuntswana ahlawuliweyo (i-electron okanye imingxunya) evalelwe kwizinto eziqinileyo, oku kuphambuka kukhokelela ekuqokeleleni kweentlawulo ezilungileyo kunye nezibi kwicala le-perpendicular kwintsimi yangoku kunye nemagnethi, ngaloo ndlela yenze intsimi yombane eyongezelelweyo.
Siyazi ukuba xa ii-electron zihamba kwindawo yamagnetic, ziya kuchaphazeleka ngamandla kaLorentz. Njengoko kungasentla, masiqale sijonge umfanekiso ongasekhohlo. Xa i-electron ihambela phezulu, i-current eveliswa yiyo ihla. Kulungile, masisebenzise umthetho wasekhohlo, ukuvumela umgca wemagnethi woluvo lwemagnethi B (udutyulwe kwiscreen) ungene entendeni yesandla, oko kukuthi, intende yesandla ingaphandle, kwaye ukhombise iminwe emine kwisandla. ulwalathiso lwangoku, oko kukuthi, amanqaku amane phantsi. Emva koko, ulwalathiso lwebhontsi lulwalathiso lwamandla e-electron. Ii-electron zinyanzeliswa ngasekunene, ngoko ke umrhumo kwipleyiti encinci iya kuthambeka kwelinye icala phantsi kwesenzo sommandla wangaphandle wamagnetic. Ukuba i-electron ijika ngasekunene, umahluko onokubakho uya kwenziwa kwicala lasekhohlo nasekunene. Njengoko kuboniswe kumzobo osekunene, ukuba i-voltmeter ixhunyiwe kwicala lasekhohlo nasekunene, i-voltage iya kubonwa. Lo ngumgaqo osisiseko wokungeniswa kweholo. Umbane obhaqiweyo ubizwa ngokuba yi-hall induced voltage. Ukuba indawo yangaphandle yamagnetic isusiwe, i-voltage yeHolo iyanyamalala. Ukuba imelwe ngumfanekiso, umphumo weHolo ufana nomfanekiso olandelayo:
i: isalathiso sangoku, B: isalathiso sendawo yangaphandle yamagnetic, V: Ivoltheji yeholo, kunye namachaphaza amancinci ebhokisini anokuthathwa njengee-electron.
Ukususela kumgaqo wokusebenza we-Hall sensor, kunokufumaneka ukuba i-Hall effect sensor yinzwa esebenzayo, ekufuneka ifune ukunikezelwa kwamandla angaphandle kunye nentsimi yamagnetic ukusebenza. Ukuqwalasela iimfuno zomthamo omncinci, ubunzima obulula, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kunye nokusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo ekusebenziseni inzwa, i-magnet elula esisigxina kunokuba i-electromagnetic complex isetyenziselwa ukubonelela umhlaba wangaphandle wamagnetic. Ngaphezu koko, kwiintlobo ezine eziphambili zeemagnethi ezisisigxina,SmCokwayeNdFeB umhlaba onqabileyoiimagnethi zineenzuzo ezifana neempawu eziphezulu zemagneti kunye nozinzo oluzinzileyo lokusebenza, olunokwenza ukuba ukusebenza okuphezulu kweHolo ye-transducer okanye isivamvo kufikelele kuchaneka, ubuntununtunu, kunye nemilinganiselo ethembekileyo. Ke ngoko i-NdFeB kunye ne-SmCo zisebenzisa ngakumbi njengeIimagnethi ze-transducer zeholo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-10-2021